Acetazolamide-responsive paroxysmal dyskinesia in a 12-week-old female golden retriever dog     

Emilie Royaux  Sofie Bhatti  Robert Harvey  Laurent Garosi  G. Diane Shelton  Luc Van Ham 《The Veterinary quarterly》2016,36(1):45-49

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Network analysis of wildlife translocations in New Zealand     

M Van Andel  K McInnes  T Tana  NP French 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(3):169-173

AIMS: To identify network measures with relevance to disease spread in a network of movements derived from the Department of Conservation (DOC) translocation records from 1970 to mid-2014, and to identify conservation sites that should be prioritised for surveillance activities and improvements to data collection to make the best use of network analysis techniques in the future.

METHODS: Data included the source and destination of translocated specimens, the species and the dates the translocations were expected to occur. The data were used to construct a directed, non-weighted network in which a translocation event represented a tie in the network. Network density, in-degree (movements entering a node of interest) and out-degree (movements leaving a node of interest) and reciprocity were calculated.

RESULTS: The data analysed consisted of 692 unique translocations between 307 sites, with the majority (518; 73%) being for birds. The constructed network for bird, reptile and frog translocations comprised 260 nodes, with 34/260 (13%) having two-way movements and 47/260 (18%) non-reciprocal movements. The median degree score (sum of in- and out-degree) was two (min 0, max 36) with a mean of 3.5 in a right skewed distribution. Most sites acted as receivers or senders of consignments with only a few having both high in- and high out-degree, and thus had characteristics that made them sites of interest for surveillance activities. These included the National Wildlife Centre at Mount Bruce, Tiritiri Matangi Island and Te Kakahu (Chalky Island).

CONCLUSIONS: The presence of linking sites that join larger clusters within the network creates the potential for rapid disease spread if a pathogen were to be introduced. The important sites that supply or receive specimens for translocations are already well recognised by those performing translocations in New Zealand, and this paper provides further information by quantifying their role within the network.  相似文献   

Comparison of disinfectant efficacy when using high‐volume directed mist application of accelerated hydrogen peroxide and peroxymonosulfate disinfectants in a large animal hospital          下载免费PDF全文

N. T. Saklou  B. A. Burgess  D. C. Van Metre  K. J. Hornig  P. S. Morley  S. R. Byers 《Equine veterinary journal》2016,48(4):485-489

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Evaluation of benomyl and thiophanate-methyl for the control of Verticillium wilt of strawberry in the Netherlands     

H. A. Th. Van Der Scheer  H. J. Wondergem  B. J. Luimes 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1975,81(3):94-101

In pot experiments the fungicides benomyl and thiophanate-methyl controlledVerticillium wilt of strawberry when applied as a soil drench after planting. Both compounds were ineffective as foliar sprays and as root dips prior to planting. Soil drenches applied to commercially grown runner plants in the waiting field (August) and to the same plants in the greenhouse (December or January) increased the yield. On infested ground, a soil drench with thiophanate-methyl promoted the occurrence of crown rot caused byPhytophthora cactorum.  相似文献   

Detection of viral antigen in semi-thin sections of plant tissue by immunogold-silver staining and light microscopy     

J. W. M. Van Lent  B. J. M. Verduin 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1987,93(6):261-272

The immunogold-silver staining technique was developed for the light microscopical localization of viral antigen in plant tissue. Semi-thin sections of LR White-embedded plant tissue were immunologically labelled with primary antiserum and protein A-gold. Individual gold particles were covered with a silver precipitate using a physical developer. This precipitate could be seen as black spots in a conventional light microscope with brightfield and as brilliant white spots with darkfield illumination. Maximal sensitivity and low background was obtained when immunogold-labelled sections were fixed in glutaraldehyde prior to silver enhancement. Simultaneous observation of the silver coated gold label and cell morphology was achieved by epipolarization microscopy. Using this technique cowpea chlorotic mottle virus coat protein was detected in cowpea plants as function of the infection period. Virus translocation and multiplication was monitored in systemically inoculated tissue, showing viral antigen in phloem parenchyma of petiolules 6 h after systemic inoculation and subsequent spreading from the phloem to the neighbouring bundle sheath and cortex cells.Samenvatting De immunologische techniek (IGSS), waarbij complexen van antilichamen met proteïne A geadsorbeerd aan kolloïdaal goud (pAg) worden bedekt met zilver, werd met succes toegepast voor het aantonen van viraal antigeen in geïnfecteerd planteweefsel met behulp van de lichtmicroscoop. Semi-dunne plakjes weefsel werden ingebed in LR White en behandeld met antiserum tegen het cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV). Aan dit antigeen-antilichaam complex werd pAg gehecht. Vervolgens werd op de individuele gouddeeltjes zilver neersgeslagen met een ontwikkelaar bestaande uit een mensel van zilverlactaat en hydroquinone. De gouddeeltjes katalyseren de reductie van de zilverionen in oplossing tot metallisch zilver, dat neerslaat op de gouddeeltjes. Het zilverprecipitaat is waarneembaar als zwarting in een lichtmicroscoop met doorvallend licht en licht wit op bij donkerveld belichting. Maximale gevoeligheid van detectie en lage achtergrondkleuring werden bereikt door fixatie van het antigeen-antilichaam-pAg complex met glutaaraldehyde vóór de zilverkleuring.Gelijktijdige waarneming van het zilver label en de morfologie van de cellen was mogelijk door toepassing van gepolarisserd licht in een microscoop met opvallende belichting (epipolarisatiemicroscopie) in combinatie met doorvallend licht. Het zilverprecipitaat is hierbij waarneembaar als een helder blauwe kleur door de weerkaatsing en verstrooiing van het gefiltreerde gepolariseerde licht, terwijl de morfologie van de cytochemisch gekleurde cellen zichtbaar is met doorvallende belichting. Met IGSS in combinatie met epipolarisatiemicroscopie werd het CCMV gelokaliseerd in cowpea planten als functie van de infectieduur. De translocatie en vermenigvuldiging van het virus werden gevolgd in planteweefsel dat systemisch was geïnoculeerd volgens de differentiële-temperatuur-inoculatietechniek. Zes uur na systemische inoculatie werd het virus voor het eerst waargenomen in enkele floeemparenchymcellen en de infectie breidde zich daarna snel uit. Vierentwintig uur na inoculatie kon virus worden aangetoond in grote delen van het floeem, in de bundelschede en in de aangrenzende delen van de schors. Concluderend kan worden gesteld dat het virus vanuit de primaire bladeren naar de secundaire bladeren werd getransporteerd via het floeem, analoog aan het transport van assimilaten.Tot slot werden dunne plakjes geïnfecteerd weefsel, geïncubeerd met antiserum en proteïne A-goud, na zilverbehandeling vergeleken in licht-en elektronenmicroscoop.  相似文献   

Removing faecal contamination of broilers by spray‐cleaning during evisceration     

S. Notermans  R. J. Terbijhe  M. Van Schothorst 《British poultry science》1980,21(2):115-121

1. The faecal contamination of broiler carcasses during evisceration results in an increase in contamination with Enterobacteriaceae, including any salmonellas present.

2. This increase can be prevented completely by spray‐cleaning carcasses during the various stages of evisceration.

3. If the carcasses are cleaned only at the end of the evisceration process, the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae are not reduced to initial levels and Salmonella contamination is less efficiently removed.  相似文献   

Characterization of a carlavirus in elderberry (Sambucus spp.)     

J. W. M. Van Lent  A. J. Wit  Jeanne Dijkstra 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1980,86(2):117-134

A carlavirus was isolated fromSambucus racemosa andS. nigra in the Netherlands. The virus was sap-transmissible and capable of infecting 14 out of 58 plant species and cultivars tested, causing symptoms in five of them. It was also transmitted byMyzus persicae at a low rate. Dilution end-point was 10^–3–10^–4, thermal inactivation at 70–75°C and ageing in vitro 2–4 days. The virus had a sedimentation coefficient of 155 S and molecular weight of capsid protein subunits of 31 000 dalton. The average buoyant density of the four isolates used was 1.315 g/cm³. The virus particles had an average normal length of 678 nm and a width of approximately 12 nm. In ultrathin sections of leaf tissue ofS. racemosa Plumosa Aurea bundles of virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm. Close serological relationship was found to a virus isolated from elderberry in Britain and a distant relationship to carnation latent virus. In its reaction on host plants and its persistence in crude sap it also resembled the former virus, originally code-named elderberry virus A. We propose the name elderberry carlavirus for it.Samenvatting Een carlavirus werd geïsoleerd uitSambucus racemosa enS. nigra in Nederland. Het virus kon met sap worden overgebracht en was in staat 14 van de 58 getoetste plantesoorten en-cultivars te infecteren waarbij op vijf van deze symptomen verschenen. Ook metMyzus persicae vond overdracht plaats, zij het in beperkte mate. De verdunningsgrens was 10^–3–10^–4, de inactiveringstemperatuur 70–75°C en de houdbaarheid in vitro 2–4 dagen. Het virus had een sedimentatiecoëfficiënt van 155 S en het molecuulgewicht van de structuurelementen van het capside-eiwit bedroeg 31 000 dalton. De deeltjes van de vier gebruikte isolaten hadden een gemiddelde zweefdichtheid van 1,315 g/cm³. De gemiddelde normale lengte van de virusdeeltjes bedroeg 678 nm bij een breedte van ongeveer 12 nm. In ultradunne coupes van bladweefsel vanS. racemosa Plumosa Aurea werden bundels draadvormige virusdeeltjes waargenomen in het cytoplasma. Het virus vertoonde een zeer sterke serologische verwantschap met een virus uit vlier geïsoleerd in Groot-Brittannië en een geringe verwantschap met het anjer-latenvirus. In zijn reactie op waardplanten en zijn eigenschappen in ruw sap vertoonde het ook veel gelijkenis met eerstgenoemd virus, in de literatuur vermeld onder de code-naam elderberry virus A. We stellen voor de naam carlavirus van vlier aan dit virus te geven.  相似文献   

Experimental bacillary hemoglobinuria: intrahepatic detection of spores of Clostridium haemolyticum by immunofluorescence in the rabbit     

K R Van Kampen  P C Kennedy 《American journal of veterinary research》1968,29(11):2173-2177

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Molecular breeding for virus resistant potato plants     

Marianne J. Huisman  Erik Jongedijk  Dinie Posthumus-Lutke Willink  Frank Van Der Wilk  Ben J. C. Cornelissen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(Z2):29-36

To engineer resistance against potato virus X (PVX), the viral coat protein (CP) gene has been introduced into two potato cultivars. Stable expression of the gene in transgenic clones throughout the growing season has been obtained and resulted in considerably increased virus resistance. With varying frequencies depending on the original cultivar used, true-to-type PVX resistant transgenic clones have been obtained. Since deviant light sprout characteristics were invariably associated with aberrations in plant phenotype, they can be used in procedures to early screen for deviations. Furthermore, it has been possible to unequivocally discriminate between the original untransformed and independent transgenic cultivars. Although no relation has been found between the presence, if any, of the CP of potato virus Y (PVY) or potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in CP gene transgenic potato, appreciable levels of resistance to these viruses has been obtained. This suggests that the mechanism by which a viral CP gene in the potato genome evokes resistance, differs amongst various viruses.  相似文献   

Predicting coiled coils from protein sequences     

Lupas A  Van Dyke M  Stock J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5009):1162-1164

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